Account for headers and encapsulation to find your maximum payload.
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Packet budget
PPPoE adds 8 bytes within Ethernet's 1,500-byte payload.
Results
Maximum transport payload
1460 bytes
Effective IP MTU
1500 bytes
Total overhead within MTU
40 bytes
Payload share
97.33%
With a TCP header this is the payload ceiling (MSS for base headers). TCP/IP options and IPv6 extension headers must be added to the header budget. TLS overhead is not included.
Inside the MTU
1460 bytes payload
Encapsulation 0 BIP 20 BTransport 20 BPayload 1460 B
Ethernet's MAC header, FCS, preamble, and inter-frame gap are outside this MTU budget. They affect wire rate, not IP payload size.